FLAGSHIP MULTISENSOR RIVER MAPPING

Danube & Sava River Mapping

Airborne LiDAR, vessel-based mobile mapping, UAV bridge survey and multibeam bathymetry across the Danube and Sava river corridors

Air, shore, structures and riverbed integrated into one continuous 0.5 m hybrid terrain foundation.

LocationDanube and Sava river corridors, Republic of Serbia
Direct clientConsortium led by Egis (France) and Deltares (Netherlands)
Project period20252026
MapSoft roleSubcontractor responsible for the complete geospatial data-acquisition, processing and integration component required as the spatial foundation for subsequent hydraulic and morphological modelling.
Project context

One continuous engineering reference had to span floodplain, riverbank, structures and submerged riverbed

Navigation, hydraulic and morphological analysis required consistent geometry across physical environments that no single survey technology could capture efficiently. MapSoft therefore coordinated complementary airborne, vessel, UAV and hydrographic acquisition and integrated the results into one spatial foundation.

661 kmRiver channels surveyed
452 km²Airborne LiDAR coverage
~70 billion pointsTotal measured spatial points
0.5 × 0.5 mHybrid DTM grid
Supplied project extent overview; the final Project Source records 661 km of surveyed river channels.
Project extent — Danube and Sava corridors
Coverage map distinguishing airborne LiDAR, vessel-based mobile mapping, bathymetry and interpolated transition areas.
Multisensor acquisition coverage
Documented role

MapSoft worked as a subcontractor to the consortium led by Egis and Deltares and was responsible for the geospatial data-acquisition, processing and integration component. Hydraulic and morphological modelling itself is not attributed to MapSoft.

Integrated river point-cloud fly-through
Multisensor acquisition

Each physical environment was measured with the method best suited to it

Airborne LiDAR covered the wider terrain and floodplain; vessel-based mobile mapping captured riverbanks and infrastructure; multibeam bathymetry measured the submerged channel; UAV LiDAR and RGB documented bridge structures in detail.

Illustrative overview combining airborne LiDAR, vessel-based mobile mapping, multibeam bathymetry and the transition from point clouds to an integrated terrain model.
Illustrative multisensor acquisition concept

Illustrative multisensor overview based on the project acquisition methods; authentic field material is shown below.

195hydrographic missions
~3,100 kmriverbanks mapped by mobile mapping
~410,000georeferenced riverbank images
29bridges mapped by UAV
Field operations

Long linear corridors demanded repeatable airborne, vessel and UAV operations

Hydrographic and mobile-mapping work was executed from MapSoft survey vessels, with separate configurations supporting near-shore access and more demanding river conditions. Georeferenced spherical and side-view imagery complemented the LiDAR geometry, while UAV survey focused on bridges.

Hydrographic survey in operation — video
Riverbank mobile mapping in operation — video
Two MapSoft survey-vessel configurations prepared for hydrographic and river-corridor operations.
MapSoft hydrographic survey vessels
Project visual showing vessel-based mobile scanning and complementary side-view imagery acquisition.
Mobile scanning and side-view imagery
Example of the spherical imagery stream collected along the river corridor.
Georeferenced spherical riverbank imagery
UAV operation used for detailed LiDAR and RGB survey of bridge structures.
UAV survey of bridge structures
Processing & integration

The core technical challenge was not collection — it was making independent sensors agree at the land–water interface

Trajectories, imagery and point clouds were processed and classified independently, then checked for spatial consistency before integration. Particular attention was paid to the dry–wet interface and to removing artificial gaps or elevation steps between floodplain, bank, waterline and riverbed.

Production workspace showing classification, terrain modelling and multi-view point-cloud inspection.
Point-cloud processing in Terrasolid
Map showing which Hybrid DTM areas originate from airborne LiDAR, mobile mapping, bathymetry or interpolation.
Hybrid DTM elevation-data provenance
Integrated point-cloud section showing above-water LiDAR and hydrographic data across a bridge and riverbed.
Integrated airborne and hydrographic bridge data
01

Select sensor/method by physical environment

02

Plan airborne, vessel and UAV missions

03

Acquire floodplain, bank, structure and riverbed data

04

Process trajectories, imagery and point clouds

05

Classify and quality-control each acquisition component

06

Integrate terrestrial and bathymetric elevations across the waterline

07

Produce the continuous Hybrid DTM and engineering datasets

Integrated products

From approximately 70 billion measured points to a continuous 0.5 m Hybrid DTM and engineering datasets

The final production chain combined classified point clouds, imagery, bathymetry and UAV bridge data into engineering-ready spatial products for downstream modelling, navigation analysis and river-corridor management.

Final Hybrid DTM — animated inspection
Delivered outputs

A complete spatial foundation from classified point clouds to terrain, imagery and bridge profiles

01

Integrated classified point clouds

Airborne, mobile, bathymetric and UAV point-cloud datasets.

LAS / LAZ
02

Hybrid Digital Terrain Model

Continuous terrain from floodplain through riverbank/waterline to riverbed.

0.5 × 0.5 m · Grid / terrain model
03

Bridge cross profiles

Cross profiles for 29 bridges produced from detailed UAV LiDAR/RGB data.

DWG · 29 bridges
04

Georeferenced riverbank imagery

Spherical and side-view imagery supporting bank/infrastructure inspection.

Imagery · ~410,000 images
05

Hydrographic/bathymetric datasets

Dense multibeam riverbed point clouds and supporting coverage/QA data.

LAS 1.4
Quality assurance

QA/QC remained visible from airborne control to hydrographic cross-checking

The project required georeferencing, cross-sensor consistency, classification completeness, overlap/transition checks and controlled land–water integration. Hydrographic activities were led by FIG/IHO/ICA Category B specialists, with public reference permitted to IHO S-44 Special Order requirements applied to the hydrographic component.

The QA plots illustrate trajectory and alignment checks; project-wide performance figures are stated only where formally validated.

FIG / IHO / ICACategory B hydrographic specialists
IHO S-44Special Order requirements for the hydrographic component
50–80 pts/m²typical bathymetric point-cloud density

Airborne LiDAR validation

Control-point height-difference plots for airborne LiDAR processing Blocks 5 and 6.
Airborne LiDAR control-point height offsets — Blocks 5–6
Point-density quality-control map for the airborne LiDAR dataset.
Airborne LiDAR point-density map

Hydrographic validation

Bathymetric point-density distribution over the river channel, shown by density interval.
Bathymetric point-density map
Sound-velocity profile used as part of the multibeam hydrographic processing workflow.
Sound-velocity profile editor
Histogram from the hydrographic cross-check test used to inspect depth bias.
Bathymetry cross-check — depth-bias histogram
Scatter-style depth residual plot from hydrographic dataset cross-checking.
Bathymetry cross-check — depth residual scatter
What the integrated data makes visible

One high-resolution river model exposes infrastructure, terrain and submerged features in the same spatial context

Integrated visualizations show the range of features visible in the dataset. Archaeological or historical interpretation was outside MapSoft's documented scope.

Integrated riverbed and riverbank point-cloud view in the Trajan’s Road area.
Merged multibeam and mobile-mapping data at Trajan’s Road
Project comparison pairing a historical Sip Channel construction image with the present-day integrated spatial dataset.
Sip Channel — historical image and present-day point-cloud view
Bathymetric terrain visualization showing submerged geometric features visible in the integrated riverbed dataset.
Submerged settlement features near Donji Milanovac
Bathymetric point-cloud examples showing submerged vessel-shaped features in the riverbed dataset.
Submerged vessel features visible in the bathymetric point cloud
What this project proves

Danube & Sava River Mapping is a flagship proof that MapSoft can design and execute a very large multisensor geospatial programme, select the correct acquisition method for each physical environment, manage tens of billions of points and integrate independent airborne, shore, structure and underwater datasets into one reliable engineering-ready model.

Danube & Sava River Mapping is one of MapSoft's strongest reality-capture references: a very large linear programme, multiple acquisition technologies, tens of billions of measured points and one controlled integration problem across dry land, vertical banks, structures, water and submerged terrain.

Airborne LiDARMobile MappingMultibeam BathymetryUAV LiDAR + RGBTopobathymetric Integration0.5 m Hybrid DTMIHO S-44

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Need one engineering-ready model where terrain continues through the shoreline and into the riverbed?

Talk to MapSoft about coordinated airborne LiDAR, mobile mapping, hydrographic survey, UAV mapping, point-cloud processing and topobathymetric integration for complex river and infrastructure corridors.

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